Signals And Slots Different Classes

Different Social Classes
Signals And Slots Different Classes Free
Signals And Slots Different Classes Online

QThread inherits QObject. It emits signals to indicate that the thread started or finished executing, and provides a few slots as well.

Hi, first let me introduce the programm situation: The programm connects to an TCPIP Server, and it launches its own TCPIP Server, where a client connects to. From the connected Server, the programm receives Info-Lines, which are written in a txt-file, th. Signals and slots are loosely coupled: A class which emits a signal neither knows nor cares which slots receive the signal. Qt Jambis's signals and slots mechanism ensures that if you connect a signal to a slot, the slot will be called with the signal's parameters at the right time. All classes that inherit from QSignalEmitter - which is an. An event posted using a QueuedConnection is a QMetaCallEvent. When processed, that event will call the slot the same way we call them for direct connections. All the information (slot to call, parameter values.) are stored inside the event. Copying the parameters. The argv coming from the signal is an array of pointers to the arguments.

More interesting is that QObjects can be used in multiple threads, emit signals that invoke slots in other threads, and post events to objects that 'live' in other threads. This is possible because each thread is allowed to have its own event loop.

QObject Reentrancy

QObject is reentrant. Most of its non-GUI subclasses, such as QTimer, QTcpSocket, QUdpSocket, QFtp, and QProcess, are also reentrant, making it possible to use these classes from multiple threads simultaneously. Note that these classes are designed to be created and used from within a single thread; creating an object in one thread and calling its functions from another thread is not guaranteed to work. There are three constraints to be aware of:

The child of a QObject must always be created in the thread where the parent was created. This implies, among other things, that you should never pass the QThread object (this) as the parent of an object created in the thread (since the QThread object itself was created in another thread).
Event driven objects may only be used in a single thread. Specifically, this applies to the timer mechanism and the network module. For example, you cannot start a timer or connect a socket in a thread that is not the object's thread.
You must ensure that all objects created in a thread are deleted before you delete the QThread. This can be done easily by creating the objects on the stack in your run() implementation.

Although QObject is reentrant, the GUI classes, notably QWidget and all its subclasses, are not reentrant. They can only be used from the main thread. As noted earlier, QCoreApplication::exec() must also be called from that thread.

In practice, the impossibility of using GUI classes in other threads than the main thread can easily be worked around by putting time-consuming operations in a separate worker thread and displaying the results on screen in the main thread when the worker thread is finished. This is the approach used for implementing the Mandelbrot and the Blocking Fortune Client example.

Per-Thread Event Loop

Each thread can have its own event loop. The initial thread starts its event loops using QCoreApplication::exec(); other threads can start an event loop using QThread::exec(). Like QCoreApplication, QThread provides an exit(int) function and a quit() slot.

An event loop in a thread makes it possible for the thread to use certain non-GUI Qt classes that require the presence of an event loop (such as QTimer, QTcpSocket, and QProcess). It also makes it possible to connect signals from any threads to slots of a specific thread. This is explained in more detail in the Signals and Slots Across Threads section below.

A QObject instance is said to live in the thread in which it is created. Events to that object are dispatched by that thread's event loop. The thread in which a QObject lives is available using QObject::thread().

Note that for QObjects that are created before QApplication, QObject::thread() returns zero. This means that the main thread will only handle posted events for these objects; other event processing is not done at all for objects with no thread. Use the QObject::moveToThread() function to change the thread affinity for an object and its children (the object cannot be moved if it has a parent).

Calling delete on a QObject from a thread other than the one that owns the object (or accessing the object in other ways) is unsafe, unless you guarantee that the object isn't processing events at that moment. Use QObject::deleteLater() instead, and a DeferredDelete event will be posted, which the event loop of the object's thread will eventually pick up. By default, the thread that owns a QObject is the thread that creates the QObject, but not after QObject::moveToThread() has been called.

Play texas holdem poker for money online game. If no event loop is running, events won't be delivered to the object. For example, if you create a QTimer object in a thread but never call exec(), the QTimer will never emit its timeout() signal. Calling deleteLater() won't work either. (These restrictions apply to the main thread as well.)

You can manually post events to any object in any thread at any time using the thread-safe function QCoreApplication::postEvent(). The events will automatically be dispatched by the event loop of the thread where the object was created.

Event filters are supported in all threads, with the restriction that the monitoring object must live in the same thread as the monitored object. Similarly, QCoreApplication::sendEvent() (unlike postEvent()) can only be used to dispatch events to objects living in the thread from which the function is called.

Accessing QObject Subclasses from Other Threads

QObject and all of its subclasses are not thread-safe. This includes the entire event delivery system. It is important to keep in mind that the event loop may be delivering events to your QObject subclass while you are accessing the object from another thread.

If you are calling a function on an QObject subclass that doesn't live in the current thread and the object might receive events, you must protect all access to your QObject subclass's internal data with a mutex; otherwise, you may experience crashes or other undesired behavior.

Like other objects, QThread objects live in the thread where the object was created -- not in the thread that is created when QThread::run() is called. It is generally unsafe to provide slots in your QThread subclass, unless you protect the member variables with a mutex.

On the other hand, you can safely emit signals from your QThread::run() implementation, because signal emission is thread-safe.

Signals and Slots Across Threads

Qt supports these signal-slot connection types:

Auto Connection (default) If the signal is emitted in the thread which the receiving object has affinity then the behavior is the same as the Direct Connection. Otherwise, the behavior is the same as the Queued Connection.'
Direct Connection The slot is invoked immediately, when the signal is emitted. The slot is executed in the emitter's thread, which is not necessarily the receiver's thread.
Queued Connection The slot is invoked when control returns to the event loop of the receiver's thread. The slot is executed in the receiver's thread.
Blocking Queued Connection The slot is invoked as for the Queued Connection, except the current thread blocks until the slot returns.
Note: Using this type to connect objects in the same thread will cause deadlock.
Unique Connection The behavior is the same as the Auto Connection, but the connection is made only if it does not duplicate an existing connection. i.e., if the same signal is already connected to the same slot for the same pair of objects, then the connection is not made and connect() returns false.

The connection type can be specified by passing an additional argument to connect(). Be aware that using direct connections when the sender and receiver live in different threads is unsafe if an event loop is running in the receiver's thread, for the same reason that calling any function on an object living in another thread is unsafe.

QObject::connect() itself is thread-safe.

The Mandelbrot example uses a queued connection to communicate between a worker thread and the main thread. To avoid freezing the main thread's event loop (and, as a consequence, the application's user interface), all the Mandelbrot fractal computation is done in a separate worker thread. The thread emits a signal when it is done rendering the fractal.

Similarly, the Blocking Fortune Client example uses a separate thread for communicating with a TCP server asynchronously.

© 2016 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

When we change a widget in GUI programming, we often want another widget to be notified. More generally, we want objects of any kind to be able to communicate with one another. For instance, if a user clicks a Close button, we probably want the window's close() function to be called. Signals and slots are Qt Jambi's mechanism for such communication between objects.

Product Information. Based on the long-running syndicated game show starring Pat Sajak as host and Vanna White as letter-turner, Wheel of Fortune for the Nintendo Game Boy brings the wheel-spinning, word-deciphering action to the palms of your hands. Wheel of fortune bonus puzzles. Play the Wheel of Fortune Toss-Up Challenge game on your computer or mobile device. It's free and regularly updated with new puzzles!

In this overview, we will examine how to implement and use signals and slots in Qt Jambi. We look at how the mechanism works, its intended usage, and give an example.

Signal and Slots

A signal is emitted when a particular event occurs. Qt Jambi's widgets have many predefined signals, but we can always subclass widgets to add our own signals to them. A slot is a method that is called in response to a particular signal. Qt's widgets have many pre-defined slots, but it is common practice to subclass widgets and add your own slots so that you can handle the signals that you are interested in.
The signals and slots mechanism is type safe: The signature of a signal must match the signature of the receiving slot. Signals and slots are loosely coupled: A class which emits a signal neither knows nor cares which slots receive the signal. Qt Jambis's signals and slots mechanism ensures that if you connect a signal to a slot, the slot will be called with the signal's parameters at the right time.

All classes that inherit from QSignalEmitter - which is an ancestor of all Qt Jambi classes - or one of its subclasses (e.g., QWidget) can contain signals and slots. Signals are emitted by objects when they change their state in a way that may be interesting to other objects. This is all the object does to communicate. It does not know or care whether anything is receiving the signals it emits. This is true information encapsulation, and ensures that the object can be used as a software component.

All normal member methods can be used as slots, so there are no specific requirements for a method to function as a slot. Just as an object does not know if anything receives its signals, a slot does not know if it has any signals connected to it. This ensures that truly independent components can be created with Qt Jambi.

You can connect as many signals as you want to a single slot, and a signal can be connected to as many slots as you need. It is even possible to connect a signal directly to another signal. (This will emit the second signal immediately whenever the first is emitted.)

Together, signals and slots make up a powerful component programming mechanism.

An Example

A minimal Java class using signals and slots may read: The class manages a counter, which is stored in the private member value. The signal valueChanged is emitted whenever value changes. We will now go through the class step-by-step to describe how signals are created and emitted. Signals in Qt Jambi are implemented in classes named Signal1, Signal2 to Signal9. The number of the class indicates the number of parameters the signal has. The type of each parameter is specified as a generic. It is customary to declare signals as public rather than to provide access methods for them. The getter for value is annotated with @QtBlockedSlot. This prevents the method from being used as a slot. The annotation is mostly provided for consitency with Qt, in which functions must explicitly be declared as slots. To emit a signal, you simply invoke its emit method with the necessary parameters (all signal classes implements an emit method). The signal will then invoke the slots and other signals it is connected to.

Note that the signal is only emitted if val != value. This prevents infinite looping in the case of cyclic connections (e.g., if b.valueChanged() were connected to a.setValue()). We move on the see how signals are connected to slots. When you connect a signal to a slot, you specify the object that will receive the signal and the method signature of the slot. It is only the type of the method parameters that should be specified and not the parameter names.

Calling a.setValue(12) makes a emit a valueChanged(12) signal, which b will receive in its setValue() slot, i.e. b.setValue(12) is called. Then b emits the same valueChanged() signal, but since no slot has been connected to b's valueChanged() signal, the signal is ignored.

A signal is emitted for every connection you make; if you duplicate a connection, two signals will be emitted. You can always break a connection using the signal classes disconnect() method.

Signals

Signals are emitted by an object when its internal state has changed in some way that might be interesting to the object's client or owner. Only the class that defines a signal and its subclasses should emit the signal.

When a signal is emitted, the slots connected to it are executed immediately, just like a normal method call. When this happens, the signals and slots mechanism is totally independent of any GUI event loop. Execution of the code following call to emit will occur once all slots have returned. The situation is slightly different when using queued connections; in such a case, the code following the call to the signals emit method will continue immediately, and the slots will be executed later.

If several slots are connected to one signal, the slots will be executed one after the other when the signal is emitted.